These functions, also known as slepian prolate functions, were bandlimited and exhibited interesting orthogonality relations. He was colleagues with claude shannon and richard hamming at bell labs. Spatial smoothing in fmri using prolate spheroidal wave functions. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertainty iii. Hypercomplex signal energy concentration in the spatial and. Spheroidal wave functions flammer pdf spheroidal wave functions of flammer c. The transform is linear and additive in its index and asymptotically goes over to namiass definition of the fractional fourier transform. Wavelets based on prolate spheroidal wave functions, journal. On the evaluation of prolate spheroidal wave functions and.
On the use of discrete prolate spheroidal windows for. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis, and. Prolate spheroidal wave functions associated with the quaternionic fourier transform article pdf available in mathematical methods in the applied sciences may 2017 with 105 reads. On the n dimensional extension of the discrete prolate. Spectral methods based on prolate spheroidal wave functions. Spatial smoothing in fmri using prolate spheroidal wave functions martin a. International journal of imaging systems and technology, 1262. In two earlier papers in this series, the extent to which a square. These are of great utility in disciplines such as geodesy 28 or cosmology. A discrete time series has associated with it an amplitude spectrum which is a periodic function of frequency. Here f x represents the value of the smoothed data at the coordinate point, x, of the image. Pollak, prolate spheroical wave functions, fourier analysis arid uncertainty, iii. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertainty ii.
Prolate spheroidal wave functions, an introduction to the. Prolate spheroidal wave functions and their properties. Wavesfourier transforms wikibooks, open books for an. Introduction clifford analysis offers both a generalization of complex analysis in the plane and a re. Fast functional magnetic resonance imaging via prolate wavelets. Generalized prolate spheroidal wave functions for optical. Osa generalized prolate spheroidal wave functions for. The new wavelets preserve the high energy concentration in both the time and frequency domain. Prolate spheroidal wave functions whose domain is a portion of the surface of the unit sphere are more generally called slepian functions see also spectral concentration problem.
Prolate spheroidal wave functions and discrete prolate spheroidal sequences the continuous time problem of maximally concentrating a timelimited function to a limited bandwidth was considered by slepian, pollak, and landau and they found that the prolate spheroidal wave functions pswf are maximally concentrated in this regard 811. Sep 04, 2016 the present paper finds a new kind of hypercomplex signals whose energy concentration is maximal in both time and frequency under quaternionic fourier transform. The new signals are a generalization of the prolate spheroidal wave functions also known as slepian functions to quaternionic space, which are called quaternionic prolate spheroidal. The new wavelets preserve the high energy concentration in both the. They are vectorial eigenfunctions of an integral operator related to the finite fourier transform, and solve the divergence free constrained maximum. They are normalized versions of the solutions to helmholtz wave equation 1 in spheroidal coordinates. A complete set of bandlimited functions is described which possesses the. Prolate spheroidal wave function as exact solution of the.
This suggests that the fourier transform of the autocorrelation sequence of a university of victoria. Their usual wavelet basis consisting of sinc functions is replaced by one based on prolate spheroidal wave functions pswfs which have much better time localization than the sinc function. The algorithm correctly restores a mutilated signal that is indeed bandlimited. The present paper finds a new kind of hypercomplex signals whose energy concentration is maximal in both time and frequency under quaternionic fourier transform.
Walter and xiaoping shen communicated by yang wang abstract. Volkmer department of mathematical sciences, university of wisconsinmilwaukee, milwaukee, wisconsin. For decades mathematicians, physicists, and engineers have relied on various orthogonal expansions such as fourier, legendre, and chebyschev to solve a variety of problems. Contents 1 introduction 102 2 prolate spheroidal wave functions 105. The magic of the prolate spheroidal functions in various. Generalized prolate spheroidal functions, gpsf, pswf, truncated fourier transform, implementation. This chapter is based in part on abramowitz and stegun 1964, chapter 21 by a. In this paper, we introduce the prolate spheroidal wave functions pswfs of real order. A significant step in the process is the higher order piecewise polynomial approximation of the overlap integral required for obtaining the expansion coefficients accurately with very high precision. Wavelets based on prolate spheroidal wave functions wavelets based on prolate spheroidal wave functions walter, gilbert g shen, xiaoping 20040101 00.
The generalized prolate spheroidal wave functions has been recently defined by gupta 4 as the solution of the differential equation 2. We first discuss a few features of the fourier transform ft, and then we solve the initialvalue problem for the wave equation using the fourier transform. In other words, the fourier transform of a bandlimited function is compactly supported. We explore a number of issues related to this problem, including the effective computation of the corresponding slepzan functions for. Then, we define the finite duration discrete fractional fourier transform fidfrft based on it. R okhlin, highfrequency asymptotic expansions for certain prolate spheroidal wave functions, j. The singular functions for the problem of recovering a time limited function from its fourier transform in a certain band of frequencies are given, in the simplest case, by the prolate spheroidal wave functions.
Some of these examples are discussed below very briefly. In this paper we exploit the orthogonal properties of prolate spheroidal wave functions pswf in the form of a new orthogonal expansion which we have named the slepian series. Other results include a general perturbation scheme for differential equations and the reduction to two dimensions of the case of functions of d 2. Pdf prolate spheroidal wave functions associated with the. He is best known for his work with algebraic coding theory, probability theory, and distributed source coding. Its inverse fourier transform, gx, has maximal sig. Discretetodiscrete prolate spheroidal wave functions and. We show that a fractional version of the finite fourier transform may be defined by using prolate spheroidal wave functions of order zero. The sinc function in the sampling theory can be replaced by the prolate spheroidal wave functions pswfs, or slepian functions, since they have much better time localization than the sinc. We extend the theory of pswfs for the finiteextension fractional fourier transform, the finiteextension linear canonical transform, and the finiteextension offset linear canonical transform.
Two dimensional prolate spheroidal wave functions for mri. Spectral analysis of the finite hankel transform and circular. Fourier transform of the kernel function, which in turn can be. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertainty, iii, bell system tech. Generalized prolate spheroidal wave functions for offset. Prolate spheroidal wave functions associated with the. The article is concerned with a particular multiresolution analysis mra composed of paleywiener spaces. Optimal data acquisition in fmri using prolate spheroidal wave functions. Ball prolate spheroidal wave functions in arbitrary dimensions. Fourier expansion of generalized prolate spheroidal wave. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertainty i. Fourier transforms and the wave equation overview and motivation. The dimension of the space of essentially time and bandlimited signals.
Slepian june 30, 1923 november 29, 2007 was an american mathematician. Some popular basis sets for performing this analysis is the legendre, chebyschev, and fourier series. Fast functional magnetic resonance imaging via prolate. Prolate spheroidal wave functions pswfs play an important role in various areas, from physics e. Wedescribe an algorithm for the interpolation ofburst errors in discretetime signals that can be modelled as being bandlimited. Pdf prolate spheroidal wave functions associated with.
Within the last ten years, computer processing speeds have climbed to the point where generating the function set is not an issue when it comes to their study. It is therefore reasonable to be interested in expressing the solution of the schrodinger equation in terms of prolate spheroidal wave functions. Recently, pswfs have been becoming increasingly popular in various areas in which such functions occur this includes physics e. Prolate spheroidal wave functions and their properties computation of the pswfs by flammers method uniform estimates of the pswfs and their derivatives applications of the pswfs prolate spheroidal wave functions from pde point of view pswfs as eigenfunctions of a di erential and an integral operator some properties of the pswfs spheroidal. Wavelets based on prolate spheroidal wave functions. Volkmer department of mathematical sciences, university of wisconsinmilwaukee, milwaukee, wisconsin acknowledgements. One of the principal reasons for the importance of pswfs is that they are a. Pollak, prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis.
Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertainty il by h. Pdf vectorial ball prolate spheroidal wave functions. Based on the pswf, the finite fractional fourier transform was developed. Fourier transform of wave function mathematics stack. The magic of the prolate spheroidal functions in various setups. Spheroidal wave functions become elementary if gammanpi2. Soleski,a new friendly method of computing prolate spheroidal wave func tions and wavelets, appl. Spectral analysis of the finite hankel transform and. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertainty iv.
As a special case of this definition, it is shown that the finite fourier transform may be inverted by using. Prolate spheroidal wave functions pswfs are known to be useful for analyzing the properties of the finiteextension fourier transform fift. Prolate spheroidal wave functions and their generalisations, timefrequency concentration problem, bandlimited functions. Prolate spheroidal wave functions and applications. Bandlimited signal extrapolation using prolate spheroidal. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, an introduction to the slepian series and its properties ian c.
Pollak manuscript received july 6, 1960 the theory developed in the preceding paperl is applied to a number of questions about timelimited and bandlimited signals. In this paper, for digital signal processing application, we derive discretetodiscrete prolate spheroidal wave functions. Discrete prolate spheroidal wave functions and interpolation. The solution of the schrodinger equation is fundamental for capturing the. Clifford analysis, fourier transform, linear canonical transform, offset linear canonical transform, prolate spheroidal wave functions. This paper investigates the extent to which a time. Spatial smoothing in fmri using prolate spheroidal wave. Slepianprolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and uncertaintyiv. More fourier transform theory, especially as applied to solving the wave equation.
Spatial smoothing using prolate spheroidal wave functions. Pdf reducing sampling error by prolate spheroidal wave. Derivation of prolate spheroidal wave functions there are several ways to generate the function set, each having its advantages and disadvantages in complexity and precision 3,7,18,24. In this paper, we introduce one family of vectorial prolate spheroidal wave functions of real order. Prolate spheroidal wave functions 811 we next show that. Explicit upper bounds on the eigenvalues associated with. Jan 01, 2004 wavelets based on prolate spheroidal wave functions wavelets based on prolate spheroidal wave functions walter, gilbert g shen, xiaoping 20040101 00. Prolate spheroidal wave functions, fourier analysis and. Moreover, examples of energy concentrated ratios between the truncated. The new signals are a generalization of the prolate spheroidal wave functions also.
82 1274 1564 593 1147 408 1545 1454 729 322 1552 770 1432 529 992 1213 359 1558 39 1655 108 1612 400 937 350 859 1445 1477 1003 550 1387 149 1045 734 19 1054 1018